(Sichuanese, Big Nambas The agent noun suffix *-rijaz (Modern English -er in words such as baker or teacher) was likely borrowed from Latin around or shortly after this time. God (word) - Wikipedia Fiji Hindi Nynorsk) Elmer H. Antonsen agreed with Lehmann about the upper boundary[20] but later found runic evidence that the -a was not dropped: kwakraz wraita, 'I, Wakraz, wrote (this)'. PIE causatives were formed by adding an accented suffix -ie/io to the o-grade of a non-derived verb. *gubunani < *gub-nh-ti, *gub-nh-nti. Kuki-Chin Quechua Turkic Proto-Norse language - Wikipedia Old High German). [29][30] Well-known examples include PGmc *druhtinaz 'warlord' (compare Finnish ruhtinas), *hrengaz (later *hringaz) 'ring' (compare Finnish rengas, Estonian rngas),[31] *kuningaz 'king' (Finnish kuningas),[2] *lambaz 'lamb' (Finnish lammas),[32] *lunaz 'ransom' (Finnish lunnas).[33]. As it is probable that the development of this sound shift spanned a considerable time (several centuries), Proto-Germanic cannot adequately be reconstructed as a simple node in a tree model but rather represents a phase of development that may span close to a thousand years. a different vowel in the stem) and/or reduplication (derived primarily from the Proto-Indo-European perfect), while weak verbs use a dental suffix (now generally held to be a reflex of the reduplicated imperfect of PIE *deH1- originally 'put', in Germanic 'do'). A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971. In this respect, Proto-Germanic can be said to be characterized by the failure to innovate new synthetic tenses as much as the loss of existing tenses. This rule continued to operate into the Proto-Germanic period. Similar surface (possibly phonemic) nasal/non-nasal contrasts occurred in the West Germanic languages down through Proto-Anglo-Frisian of a.d. 400 or so. And since Proto-Germanic therefore lacked a mid(-high) back vowel, the closest equivalent of Latin was Proto-Germanic : Rmn > *Rmnz > *Rmnz > Gothic Rumoneis. [58] The inherited Proto-Germanic nasal vowels were joined in Old Norse by nasal vowels from other sources, e.g. This was caused by the earlier loss of -j- before -i-, and appeared whenever an ending was attached to a verb or noun with an -(i)j- suffix (which were numerous). English - Spanish translator. Garo Egyptian Frisian Tungusic "[21], Antonsen's own scheme divides Proto-Germanic into an early stage and a late stage.
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